Physics Tomorrow Letters

En-Ze Li,1, 2, ∗ Yi-Yang Liu,3, ∗ Ming-Xin Dong,1, 2 Dong-Sheng Ding,1, 2, 4, † and Bao-Sen Shi1, 2, 4, ‡ 1Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. 2Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. 3School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. 4Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China

T. K¨uhn NanoScience Center and Department of Physics, University of Jyv¨askyl¨a, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), FIN-40014 University of Jyv¨askyl¨a, Finland G. S. Paraoanu∗ Low Temperature Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.

Zhexu Xi

John Ellis,1, 2, 3, ∗ Malcolm Fairbairn,1, † Juan Urrutia,3, 4, ‡ and Ville Vaskonen3, 5, 6, § 1King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom 2Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 3Keemilise ja Bioloogilise F¨u¨usika Instituut, R¨avala pst. 10, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia 4Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia 5Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit`a degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy 6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

Bin B. Ren (任彬) iD ⋆⋆1, 2, 3 Myriam Benisty iD 1, 2 Christian Ginski iD 4 Ryo Tazaki iD 2 Nicole L. Wallack iD 5 Julien Milli iD 2 Antonio Garufi iD 6 Jaehan Bae iD 7 Stefano Facchini iD 8 François Ménard iD 2 Paola Pinilla iD 9 C. Swastik iD 10, Richard Teague iD 11, and Zahed Wahhaj iD 12 _________________________________________________________________ 1 Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France; bin.ren@oca.eu 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France 3 Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 4 School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland 5 Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA 6 INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy 7 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 8 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy 9 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK 10 Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block, Bangalore 560034, India 11 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 12 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

A. Arhrib1,2∗ S. Moretti3,4† S. Semlali3,5‡ C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous5§ Y. Wang6,7¶, Q. S. Yan8,9‖ ------------------------------------------------------ 1 Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, B.P. 2117 T´etouan, Tanger, Morocco. 2 Department of Physics and Center for Theory and Computation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300. 3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. 5Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom. 6College of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, PR China. 7 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China. 8Center for Future High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China. 9School of Physics Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.

Boris N. Khlebtsov,1 Andrey M. Burov,1 Sergey V. Zarkov,1 Nikolai G. Khlebtsov,1,2,* ---------------------------------------------------- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences," 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia 2 Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia

Tomomi Sunayama,1,2★ Hironao Miyatake,2,3,4 Sunao Sugiyama,4 Surhud More,4,5 Xiangchong Li,4,6 Roohi Dalal,7 Markus Michael Rau,8 Jingjing Shi,4,9 I-Non Chiu,10 Masato Shirasaki,11,12 Tianqing Zhang,8,13 Atsushi J. Nishizawa,2,14 ----------------------------------------------------- 1Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, U.S.A 2Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan 3 Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 4Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8583, Japan 5 Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India 6McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 7Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 8High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA 9Center for Data-Driven Discovery (CD3), Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan 10Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan 11National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Science, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 12The Institute of Statistical Mathematics,Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan 13Department of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA 14Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, Yanaizucho, Gifu, 501-6194, Japan

M. McNanna, 1 K. Bechtol,1 S. Mau,2, 3 E. O. Nadler,4, 5 J. Medoff,6 A. Drlica-Wagner,6, 7, 8 W. Cerny, 9 D. Crnojevic´, 10 B. Mutlu-Pakdıl, 11 A. K. Vivas, 12 A. B. Pace, 13 J. L. Carlin, 14 M. L. M. Collins, 15 D. Mart´ınez-Delgado, 16 C. E. Mart´ınez-Vazquez ´ , 17 N. E. D. Noel, 15 A. H. Riley, 18 D. J. Sand, 19 A. Smercina, 20 R. H. Wechsler, 2, 3, 21 T. M. C. Abbott,12 M. Aguena,22 O. Alves,23 D. Bacon,24 C. R. Bom, 25 D. Brooks, 26 D. L. Burke,3, 21 J. A. Carballo-Bello, 27 A. Carnero Rosell, 28, 22, 29 J. Carretero, 30 L. N. da Costa,22 T. M. Davis, 31 J. De Vicente, 32 H. T. Diehl, 7 P. Doel,26 I. Ferrero,33 J. Frieman, 7, 8 G. Giannini, 30 D. Gruen, 34 G. Gutierrez, 7 R. A. Gruendl,35, 36 S. R. Hinton,31 D. L. Hollowood,37 K. Honscheid, 38, 39 D. J. James, 40, 41 K. Kuehn, 42, 43 J. L. Marshall, 18 J. Mena-Fernandez ´ , 32 R. Miquel, 44, 30 M. E. S. Pereira,45 A. Pieres, 22, 46 A. A. Plazas Malagon´ , 3, 21 J. D. Sakowska, 15 E. Sanchez, 32 D. Sanchez Cid, 32 B. Santiago,47, 22 I. Sevilla-Noarbe, 32 M. Smith, 48 G. S. Stringfellow, 49 E. Suchyta, 50 M. E. C. Swanson,51 G. Tarle, 23 N. Weaverdyck23, 52 P. Wiseman48 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706, USA 2Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 3Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 4Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA 5Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA 6Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 7Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA 8Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 9Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 10Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tampa, 401 West Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33606, USA 11Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA 12Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile 13McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 14Vera C. Rubin Observatory/AURA, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA 15Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK 16Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronom´ıa, E-18080, Granada, Spain 17Gemini Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA 18George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 19Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA 20Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, U.W., Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA 21SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 22Laborat´orio Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil 23Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 24Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK 25Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F´ısicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 26Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 27Instituto de Alta Investigaci´on, Sede Esmeralda, Universidad de Tarapac´a, Av. Luis Emilio Recabarren 2477, Iquique, Chile 28Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 29Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof´ısica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 30Institut de F´ısica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain 31School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 32Centro de Investigaciones Energ´eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol´ogicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain 33Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway 34University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany 35Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA 36Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 37Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 38Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 39Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 40ASTRAVEO LLC, PO Box 1668, MA 01931 41Applied Materials, Inc., 35 Dory Road, Gloucester, MA 01930 42Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia 43Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA 44Instituci´o Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan¸cats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain 45Hamburger Sternwarte, Universit¨at Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany 46Observat´orio Nacional, Rua Gal. Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil 47Instituto de F´ısica, UFRGS, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, RS - 91501-970, Brazil 48School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 49Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA 50Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 51National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA 52Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Emil Brinch Holm,1 Laura Herold,2 Th´eo Simon,3 Elisa G. M. Ferreira,4, 5 Steen Hannestad,1 Vivian Poulin,3 and Thomas Tram1 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark 2Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany 3Laboratoire Univers & Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), CNRS & Universit´e de Montpellier (UMR-5299), Place Eug`ene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 4Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8583, Japan 5 Instituto de F´ısica, Universidade de S˜ao Paulo - C.P. 66318, CEP: 05315-970, S˜ao Paulo, Brazil